{"id":1116,"date":"2025-03-27T22:15:42","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T22:15:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/?p=1116"},"modified":"2025-03-27T22:16:01","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T22:16:01","slug":"khoi-nghia-lam-son","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/2025\/03\/27\/khoi-nghia-lam-son\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n<\/b>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a trong\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0do\u00a0L\u00ea L\u1ee3i\u00a0l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e0 Minh, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1418 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1427 v\u1edbi th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh sau\u00a0h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.<\/span><\/p>

N\u0103m 1407, \u0110\u1ea1i Minh s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Ngu\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1ec9nh\u00a0Giao Ch\u1ec9. Sau khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb,\u00a0Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5\u00a0thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch\u00a0H\u00e1n h\u00f3a\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Giao Ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Sau khi \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, song t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai\u00a0Thanh\u00a0Ngh\u1ec7, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu khu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f9ng Kinh l\u1ed9.<\/span><\/p>

N\u0103m 1418, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i d\u1ea5y binh \u1edf\u00a0Lam S\u01a1n,\u00a0Thanh H\u00f3a. Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c truy qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh. B\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t x\u1ea3y ra khi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i nghe theo k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00edch, ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o\u00a0gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Ngh\u1ec7 An\u00a0v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1424, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e1nh ra nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. Sau nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Minh, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb Thanh H\u00f3a v\u00e0o\u00a0Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t v\u00f2ng v\u00e2y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng. N\u0103m 1426, sau khi t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t huy \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m “tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu” v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n d\u1ea7n bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e2n Minh ph\u1ea3i co c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh do\u00a0V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng\u00a0ch\u1ec9 huy trong\u00a0chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ed9ng \u2013 Ch\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang Kinh l\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 uy th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh. Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u1eafm th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e2n Minh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7n binh ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/span><\/p>

L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u0129 kh\u00ed qu\u00e2n Minh \u0111ang g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1y sau nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbch v\u1eadn\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd chi\u1ebfn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eau h\u00e0ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u0111ang b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u2013 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n. Qu\u00e2n Minh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hai tr\u1ecdng tr\u1ea5n\u00a0\u0110\u00f4ng Quan,\u00a0Thanh H\u00f3a\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb\u00a0v\u00e2y h\u00e3m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. N\u0103m 1427, trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf,\u00a0Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng\u00a0sai\u00a0Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh\u00a0d\u1eabn 11 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn sang Giao Ch\u1ec9 ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh do Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 huy b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong\u00a0tr\u1eadn Chi L\u0103ng \u2013 X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh cao c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c t\u1eed tr\u1eadn. M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin li\u1ec1n v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng r\u00fat lui nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n truy k\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>

Vi\u1ec7c hai \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7n binh b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t Giao Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh. V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i xin \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc an to\u00e0n theo th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan. Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i sai v\u0103n th\u1ea7n\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i\u00a0vi\u1ebft\u00a0B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean c\u00e1o cho to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c. N\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c sau\u00a0hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 thu\u1ed9c Minh. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00ean ng\u00f4i ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf, m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00ea\u00a0k\u00e9o d\u00e0i g\u1ea7n 400 n\u0103m.<\/span><\/p>

<\/span>B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/span><\/h2>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

<\/span>Nh\u00e0 Minh x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
B\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft:\u00a0Chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0110\u1ea1i Ngu \u2013 \u0110\u1ea1i Minh<\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n\u00a0b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n.[<\/span>1]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i sinh nh\u01b0\u00a0cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn dai d\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi Champa, th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh hay m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a th\u00ec nh\u1eefng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng trong c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft ch\u1ebf ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t suy y\u1ebfu tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.[<\/span>2]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn gay g\u1eaft b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng n\u00f4, n\u00f4 t\u1ef3, gi\u1eefa gi\u1edbi qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp quan l\u1ea1i\u2013s\u0129 phu trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n.[<\/span>3]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 v\u00e0 n\u00f4 t\u1ef3 hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3\u00a0l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trung \u01b0\u01a1ng.[<\/span>4]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean, s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t v\u1ecb vua thi\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c sau th\u1eddi\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Minh T\u00f4ng\u00a0t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ngo\u1ea1i th\u00edch L\u00ea Qu\u00fd Ly \u2013 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng \u2013 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e2u t\u00f3m quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf tri\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh.[<\/span>5]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>6]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

N\u0103m 1400,\u00a0L\u00ea Qu\u00fd Ly\u00a0so\u00e1n v\u1ecb nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed5i sang h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra\u00a0nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3, c\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ea1i Ngu”.[<\/span>7]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0N\u0103m 1401, \u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n ng\u00f4i cho con th\u1ee9 l\u00e0\u00a0H\u1ed3 H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0v\u00e0 lui v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng, song v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1.[<\/span>8]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ed9i, ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac ch\u01b0a so\u00e1n v\u1ecb nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly \u0111\u00e3 cho thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan.[<\/span>9]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1n gi\u1ea5y k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay cho ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng,[<\/span>10]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 t\u1eeb\u00a0Th\u0103ng Long\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0th\u00e0nh T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4\u00a0\u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.[<\/span>11]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn giai c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp, g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.[<\/span>12]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Trung Qu\u1ed1c,\u00a0Minh Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5\u00a0\u2013 v\u1ecb vua s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp nh\u00e0 Minh \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t “tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 Trung Hoa” d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng, coi An Nam (c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c) v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb1m trong di\u1ec7n “b\u1ea5t chinh chi qu\u1ed1c”.[<\/span>a]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>13]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u00d4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i\u00a0di hu\u1ea5n\u00a0cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi sau, khuy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cho Trung Hoa.[<\/span>14]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a cha m\u00ecnh,\u00a0Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5\u00a0\u2013 sau khi \u0111o\u1ea1t ng\u00f4i c\u1eedu ng\u0169 t\u1eeb\u00a0Minh Hu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ebf\u00a0trong\u00a0lo\u1ea1n T\u0129nh Nan\u00a0\u2013 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 “kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng b\u00e1 quy\u1ec1n” b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf\u00a0H\u00e1n,\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Nguy\u00ean.[<\/span>15]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng, cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong tham v\u1ecdng v\u01b0\u01a1n ra bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c\u00a0chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1edbi T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Tr\u1ecbnh H\u00f2a.[<\/span>16]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp An Nam s\u1ebd c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam uy th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf\u00a0\u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.[<\/span>15]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u00d4ng c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.[<\/span>17]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>
Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5\u00a0l\u00ean ng\u00f4i sau khi l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00e1u ru\u1ed9t n\u00ean g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 l\u1edbn \u1edf An Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00f4ng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.[<\/span>18]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Sau khi l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Minh tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean v\u00e0\u00a0cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Ngu v\u00e0 Champa. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean lo ng\u1ea1i trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh, v\u00ec h\u1ecd coi khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 trong khu v\u1ef1c.[<\/span>19]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xoa d\u1ecbu sau khi xung \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 H\u1ed3 H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 Minh gia phong l\u00e0m “An Nam qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng”.[<\/span>20]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00ec v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1404, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt t\u00ean\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u00eam B\u00ecnh\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u00a0Nam Kinh, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 con\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng so\u00e1n ng\u00f4i \u0111o\u1ea1t v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd H\u1ed3 v\u1edbi\u00a0Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5.[<\/span>21]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0D\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 danh t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u00eam B\u00ecnh, song d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh, cha con H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m vua.[<\/span>22]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1406, Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 ra l\u1ec7nh 5.000 qu\u00e2n h\u1ed9 t\u1ed1ng Thi\u00eam B\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n n\u00e0y khi g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng \u0110\u00f4 th\u00ec b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c binh nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed5 ra t\u1eadp k\u00edch, Tr\u1ea7n Thi\u00eam B\u00ecnh b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 x\u1eed t\u1eed. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Ngu v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Minh leo thang t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9.[<\/span>6]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

T\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng “tr\u00e1o tr\u1edf” tr\u00ean, Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1eed th\u00eam qu\u00e2n sang An Nam \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t cha con H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly.[<\/span>23]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1406, d\u01b0\u1edbi danh ngh\u0129a “ph\u00f9 Tr\u1ea7n di\u1ec7t H\u1ed3”, hai t\u01b0\u1edbng Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh d\u1eabn 225.000 qu\u00e2n\u00a0sang \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1i Ngu.[<\/span>24]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, qu\u00e2n Minh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng xuy\u00ean th\u1ee7ng c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd H\u1ed3, bu\u1ed9c H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4.[<\/span>25]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Qu\u00e2n Minh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ecfa kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi t\u1eebng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh V\u00e2n Nam \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng binh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly.[<\/span>26]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ch\u00ed t\u1eed trong kh\u00e2u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i.[<\/span>27]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1407, cha con H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly, H\u1ed3 H\u00e1n Th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Minh b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 c\u00e1o chung ch\u1ec9 sau 7 n\u0103m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.[<\/span>28]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>S\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
B\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft:\u00a0Giao Ch\u1ec9 (t\u1ec9nh nh\u00e0 Minh)<\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
Sau khi nh\u00e0 Minh s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i Ngu c\u0169, t\u1ec9nh\u00a0Giao Ch\u1ec9\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 13 t\u1ec9nh v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh 15 ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 5 ch\u00e2u tr\u1ef1c l\u1ec7.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt c\u1ed1t c\u00e1n trong tri\u1ec1u, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ee5, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp An Nam v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Minh thay v\u00ec l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb cho t\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng coi An Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed” t\u1eebng thu\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i thu h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi H\u00e1n, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng.[<\/span>29]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Do \u0111\u00f3, ngay t\u1eeb khi ch\u01b0a b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha con H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn An Nam tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. L\u1ea5y l\u00fd do nhi\u1ec1u quan l\u1ea1i, b\u00f4 l\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m qu\u1eadn huy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh v\u00ec h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t t\u1ef1, nh\u00e0 Minh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1i Ngu c\u0169, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp\u00a0t\u1ec9nh Giao Ch\u1ec9.[<\/span>30]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

\u0110\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb, nh\u00e0 Minh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch\u00a0chia \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quan l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 cai tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 sinh m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i.[<\/span>31]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 Minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a, nh\u00e0 Minh \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c quy chu\u1ea9n v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, bao g\u1ed3m thay \u0111\u1ed5i trang ph\u1ee5c, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u0103n mi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0L\u00fd h\u1ecdc\u00a0Chu Hi\u00a0l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m thay th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nho gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n.[<\/span>32]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>33]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Minh thi h\u00e0nh g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tri th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn\u00a0s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i phu\u00a0mang t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “trung qu\u00e2n \u00e1i qu\u1ed1c” lui v\u1ec1 \u1edf \u1ea9n, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1) l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y danh v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c.[<\/span>32]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Gi\u1edbi tinh hoa khu v\u1ef1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i ph\u00eda Nam (g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh l\u1ed9)[<\/span>b]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 Minh. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng trung du v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc l\u1eabn ph\u00eda Nam (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1ea1i) l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.[<\/span>34]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>c]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Theo\u00a0Keith W. Taylor, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 H\u00e1n h\u00f3a: ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh l\u1ed9 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1ea1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.[<\/span>34]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Victor Lieberman nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1ea1i th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do, \u00edt ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.[<\/span>36]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1edbi s\u0129 t\u1ed9c \u1edf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly ti\u1ebfm ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf Th\u0103ng Long \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn Thanh H\u00f3a. Khi qu\u00e2n Minh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng, thay v\u00ec b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00f9ng Kinh l\u1ed9, H\u1ed3 Qu\u00fd Ly l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf r\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i b\u1edd Nam s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.[<\/span>37]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

\"\"<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>
\"\"<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>
Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0T\u1eed C\u1ea5m Th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u1ea1i\u00a0B\u1eafc Kinh\u00a0(tr\u00ean<\/i>) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Tr\u1ecbnh H\u00f2a\u00a0(d\u01b0\u1edbi<\/i>) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 g\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb Giao Ch\u1ec9. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau n\u0103m 1417.[<\/span>38]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Sau khi n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng quan vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u Giao Ch\u1ec9, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y cai tr\u1ecb t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a, thi h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 thu\u1ebf kh\u00f3a, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.[<\/span>39]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ea1n tham nh\u0169ng trong b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ecbch th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u0103n minh l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n trong d\u00e2n ch\u00fang.[<\/span>40]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp s\u0129 phu v\u00e0 qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c c\u0169 \u2013 nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd t\u1eebng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh s\u1ebd gi\u1eef l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a “ph\u00f9 Tr\u1ea7n”. Tuy nhi\u00ean tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a, \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung Hoa v\u00e0 ch\u00e8n \u00e9p v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u0129 phu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a “ph\u00f9 Tr\u1ea7n” ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u00eau b\u00e0i, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng nhanh ch\u00f3ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u0103n h\u00f3a r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh.[<\/span>41]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

B\u1ea5t m\u00e3n leo thang d\u1eabn t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp Giao Ch\u1ec9, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua\u00a0nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n\u00a0c\u00f9ng t\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh c\u0169 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1407.[<\/span>42]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>43]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch bu\u1ed5i ban \u0111\u1ea7u, qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i H\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh\u00a0t\u1ea1i B\u00f4 C\u00f4 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1408, qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 khu v\u1ef1c t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An tr\u1edf v\u00e0o.[<\/span>44]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n H\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee5c. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 suy y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb qu\u00e2n Minh, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1414.[<\/span>34]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Sau khi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh an ninh \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc.[<\/span>45]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng, song c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady \u0111a ph\u1ea7n manh m\u00fan, t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00ecn chung kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u nhanh ch\u00f3ng tan r\u00e3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 y\u00ean \u1ed5n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u00e2u.[<\/span>46]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u1ed9t l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i Giao Ch\u1ec9 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1417 \u2013 tr\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0kinh \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0h\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ed9i vi\u1ec5n d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Tr\u1ecbnh H\u00f2a. Theo s\u1eed gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Edward Dreyer, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t, m\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. Quan l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Minh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n quan M\u00e3 K\u1ef3, t\u0103ng s\u01b0u d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean khi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 quan l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00ean cao.[<\/span>38]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau khi\u00a0L\u00fd B\u00e2n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn Giao Ch\u1ec9 thay Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1417, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1ea3 quan h\u01a1n. Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng ra l\u00e0m quan cho nh\u00e0 Minh, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9.[<\/span>46]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u gian nan<\/span><\/h2>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

<\/span>Lam S\u01a1n t\u1ee5 ngh\u0129a (1416\u20131418)<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
Xem th\u00eam:\u00a0H\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 L\u0169ng Nhai<\/span><\/div>

L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o Lam S\u01a1n, n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m h\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Lam S\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec7n L\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang, ph\u1ee7 Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3i n\u00fai th\u1ea5p, xen l\u1eabn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng th\u01b0a v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1eb9p.[<\/span>47]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kinh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tr\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng chung s\u1ed1ng.[<\/span>48]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i trong th\u1eddi gian nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi binh ch\u1ed1ng Minh, c\u00e1c s\u1eed li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau. Theo\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0<\/i>, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i th\u1ea5y H\u1eadu Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c l\u1ef1c n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng theo. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i,\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed ti\u00eau \u00e1n<\/i>\u00a0l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng L\u00ea L\u1ee3i t\u1eebng theo ph\u00f2\u00a0Tr\u00f9ng Quang \u0110\u1ebf\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c Kim ng\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, song c\u00e1c s\u1eed li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng L\u00ea L\u1ee3i nu\u00f4i ch\u00ed kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u00fan nh\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u00eau hi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3i s\u0129, thu n\u1ea1p anh h\u00f9ng h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t. T\u00e1n qu\u00e2n v\u1ee5\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh nghe danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, b\u00e8n ban ch\u1ee9c quan \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eau m\u1ed9, song b\u1ecb \u00f4ng c\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t.[<\/span>49]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

\u0110\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1416, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u00f9ng 18 ng\u01b0\u1eddi “tuy h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n kh\u00e1c nhau” \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i L\u0169ng Nhai thu\u1ed9c Lam S\u01a1n, m\u1edf\u00a0h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Minh c\u1ee9u n\u01b0\u1edbc.[<\/span>50]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a s\u0129 kh\u00e1c gia nh\u1eadp c\u00f9ng L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p L\u0169ng Nhai”.[<\/span>51]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong “t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p L\u0169ng Nhai” \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, g\u1ed3m d\u00e2n ch\u00e0i, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m mu\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f4 t\u1ef3; b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 M\u01b0\u1eddng, Th\u00e1i, Chi\u00eam.[<\/span>52]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, do nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00fat l\u00f3t cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean \u1ed5n, c\u00f3 th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1417, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbng L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[<\/span>53]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

…N\u00fai Lam S\u01a1n d\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a, ch\u1ed1n hoang d\u00e3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh. Ng\u1eafm non s\u00f4ng c\u0103m n\u1ed7i th\u1ebf th\u00f9, th\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft c\u00f9ng qu\u00e2n ngh\u1ecbch t\u1eb7c…<\/span><\/div>

B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o<\/i>,\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim\u00a0(1920)[<\/span>54]<\/span><\/sup><\/cite><\/span><\/p><\/div>

L\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eef H\u1ed1t, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean quan ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u00e0 Minh, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u00f3 ch\u00ed l\u1edbn n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00ean c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh li\u1ec1n b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed do th\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1418, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f9ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea5t c\u1edd kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u1edf Lam S\u01a1n. \u00d4ng c\u1eed ch\u00e1u l\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecbch \u0111i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i, k\u00eau g\u1ecdi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n n\u1ed5i d\u1eady ch\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh.[<\/span>53]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai Thanh H\u00f3a (1418)<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00f9ng Lam S\u01a1n, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t Lam S\u01a1n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh\u00a0T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ed9t trong hai t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u1ec9 (t\u00f2a c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u00f4ng Quan) \u2013 kho\u1ea3ng 20\u00a0km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chim bay. Sau khi ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb Thanh Ho\u00e1 tr\u1edf v\u00e0o, nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4 l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, qua \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb Thanh H\u00f3a v\u00e0o Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a. Do c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.[<\/span>55]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, Lam S\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c truy qu\u00e9t c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh.[<\/span>56]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Ng\u00e0y 13 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1418, sau khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00fat lui kh\u1ecfi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 Lam S\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf L\u1ea1c Th\u1ee7y[<\/span>i]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang Lan Xang (L\u00e0o). C\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y, \u00f4ng c\u1eed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e2n t\u00edn sang giao thi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi Lan Xang, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 voi ng\u1ef1a.[<\/span>57]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 2, t\u01b0\u1edbng Minh l\u00e0 M\u00e3 K\u1ef3 d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4 \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1nh ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. \u0110o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 cho b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed ph\u1ee5c binh t\u1ea1i L\u1ea1c Th\u1ee7y.[<\/span>55]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Khi qu\u00e2n M\u00e3 K\u1ef3 t\u1edbi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 18 th\u00e1ng 2, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i sai qu\u00e2n mai ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed5 ra \u0111\u00e1nh, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n qu\u00e2n Minh. Tuy gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0n\u00fai Ch\u00ed Linh.[<\/span>58]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Theo\u00a0Lam S\u01a1n th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c<\/i>, sau th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf L\u1ea1c Th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, M\u00e3 K\u1ef3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean \u00c1i, ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o x\u1ee9 Nguy\u1ec7t \u1ea4n d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o ph\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ed9 nh\u00e0 L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u1edf x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt Ho\u00e0ng. Qu\u00e2n Minh cho treo h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t ph\u1ee5 th\u00e2n L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u thuy\u1ec1n nh\u1eb1m \u00e9p \u00f4ng ra h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh.[<\/span>59]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>d]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e2n Minh ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n, trong khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n do vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00ean \u00c1i ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n. B\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb hai ph\u00eda, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 y\u1ebfu \u1edbt v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i. V\u1ee3 con c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, m\u00f4t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n m\u1ea5t s\u0129 kh\u00ed l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u00e0o ng\u0169, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0o Ch\u00ed Linh \u1ea9n n\u00e1u. B\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Minh v\u00e2y kh\u1ed1n, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean n\u00fai Ch\u00ed Linh trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n 2 th\u00e1ng. Ch\u1ec9 t\u1edbi khi qu\u00e2n Minh r\u00fat lui v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i m\u1edbi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n h\u01a1n 100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[<\/span>61]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n n\u1eeda n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u0169y \u1edf Lam S\u01a1n, v\u00ec qu\u00e2n Minh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a\u00a0Xa Kh\u1ea3 Tham\u00a0\u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc. Sau khi tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, T\u1ed5ng binh nh\u00e0 Minh l\u00e0\u00a0L\u00fd B\u00e2n\u00a0c\u1eed qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng Quan v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1nh Lam S\u01a1n. Th\u1ea5y Lam S\u01a1n c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh r\u00fat qu\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng M\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ed9t. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u00e2n Minh, bu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3n Nga L\u1ea1c c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7. Sau 6 th\u00e1ng v\u00e2y h\u00e3m, sang th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1419, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed3n Nga L\u1ea1c. Tuy gi\u00e0nh th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, song L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u1eabn b\u00ed m\u1eadt r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 n\u00fai Ch\u00ed Linh do lo ng\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3.[<\/span>62]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1419, qu\u00e2n Minh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh bao v\u00e2y n\u00fai Ch\u00ed Linh, phong t\u1ecfa to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c l\u1ed1i hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u1edbng trung th\u00e0nh l\u00e0\u00a0L\u00ea Lai\u00a0t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eed qu\u00e2n Minh. Sau khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00ea Lai, qu\u00e2n Minh t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 so\u00e1i Lam S\u01a1n n\u00ean l\u01a1i l\u1ecfng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb, t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u00f9ng t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y tho\u00e1t.[<\/span>63]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau khi qu\u00e2n Minh r\u00fat lui, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tin ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng tan r\u00e3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111ang c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, L\u00fd B\u00e2n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e2n t\u1edbi tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch \u1edf M\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf Kh\u1ea3 Lam.[<\/span>64]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i t\u1ea1i M\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00ednh, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Lan Xang s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 Minh n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn M\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o.[<\/span>65]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>G\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng thanh th\u1ebf (1419\u20131421)<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1418 \u0111\u1ebfn 1423<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

T\u1eeb th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1419, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c t\u1eeb Lan Xang, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng L\u1ed7i Giang,[<\/span>ii]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf Ba L\u00e3m.[<\/span>iii]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>66]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady v\u0169 trang b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Giao Ch\u1ec9, n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u00e1o \u0111\u1ecf \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc,\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m Ng\u1ecdc\u00a0\u1edf v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc,\u00a0Phan Li\u00eau\u00a0\u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u00e0\u00a0L\u1ed9 V\u0103n Lu\u1eadt\u00a0\u1edf Th\u1ea1ch Th\u1ea5t.[<\/span>67]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, L\u00fd B\u00e2n t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi r\u1eddi Ngh\u1ec7 An \u0111\u1ec3 quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch trong v\u00f9ng, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ra c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn. Sau khi tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn, phong tr\u00e0o Lam S\u01a1n nghi\u1ec5m nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh.[<\/span>68]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, L\u00fd B\u00e2n d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1420 s\u1ebd m\u1edf m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0o Thanh H\u00f3a nh\u1eb1m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n.[<\/span>69]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>
V\u00f5 quan nh\u00e0 Minh th\u1ecb s\u00e1t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c\u00a0B\u00ecnh phi\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed3<\/i>\u00a0(\u5e73\u756a\u5f97\u80dc\u56fe) m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u1edf T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi\u00a0Minh Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1420, L\u00fd B\u00e2n, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai Thanh H\u00f3a. Nh\u1edd kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u1ed9t n\u0103m g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e2n Minh t\u1ea1i M\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00f4i, B\u1ed3 M\u1ed9ng, B\u1ed3 Thi Lang,[<\/span>iv]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0bu\u1ed9c L\u00fd B\u00e2n, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4.[<\/span>70]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1420, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i d\u1eabn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh m\u00e3 xu\u1ed1ng L\u1ed7i Giang, l\u1eadp tr\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Ba L\u00e3m, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u1eed\u00a0L\u00ea S\u00e1t\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3n Quan Du. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y khi\u1ebfn thanh th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n vang d\u1ed9i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0o ki\u1ec7t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c \u2013 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i\u00a0\u2013 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh \u1edf L\u1ed7i Giang \u0111\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng ng\u0169 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n.[<\/span>71]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, do \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 L\u1ed9 V\u0103n Lu\u1eadt \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n t\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Lan Xang \u2013 ph\u00eda Lan Xang quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t giao v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n.[<\/span>72]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

M\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1421, l\u0169 l\u1edbn t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 khu v\u1ef1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng\u00a0g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi thi\u00ean tai, qu\u00e2n Minh bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1m ho\u00e3n m\u1ecdi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn.[<\/span>73]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Do l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 th\u1eafng L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, L\u00fd B\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u1eeb Lan Xang. L\u00fd B\u00e2n b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc Kinh l\u00e0 L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed1n sang L\u00e0o, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb vua qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch, v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c bu\u1ed9c Lan Xang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh.[<\/span>74]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau khi kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 thi\u00ean tai v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u00e9p Lan Xang \u0111\u1ed5i phe, L\u00fd B\u00e2n c\u1eed Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed mang qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Thanh H\u00f3a d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n.[<\/span>75]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch ban \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0o doanh tr\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Minh \u1edf \u1ea3i K\u00ecnh L\u1ed9ng,[<\/span>v]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0song v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e8o \u1ed0ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng may r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat lui.[<\/span>76]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ngay sau khi qu\u00e2n Minh v\u1eeba r\u00fat, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Lan Xang l\u00e0\u00a0Phommathat\u00a0\u0111em 3 v\u1ea1n qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. L\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ecd t\u1edbi gi\u00fap, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n l\u01a1i l\u1ecfng ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap.[<\/span>77]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 b\u1ecb t\u1eadp k\u00edch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1eabn ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i qu\u00e2n Lan Xang.[<\/span>78]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (1422\u20131424)<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

Sau c\u00e1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, qu\u00e2n Minh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1422, L\u00fd B\u00e2n m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed. Do c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, qu\u00e2n Minh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n trong su\u1ed1t n\u1eeda sau c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 1422. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1423, qu\u00e2n Minh m\u1edbi c\u00f9ng Lan Xang ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, khi\u1ebfn L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi L\u1ed7i Giang ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng huy\u1ec7n Kh\u00f4i.[<\/span>79]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n li\u00ean qu\u00e2n Minh\u2013Lan Xang, song ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u0169ng h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Ngo\u00e0i ra, do nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y huy\u1ec7n Kh\u00f4i l\u1eabn L\u1ed7i Giang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u00fai Ch\u00ed Linh l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.[<\/span>80]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau h\u01a1n hai th\u00e1ng \u1edf Ch\u00ed Linh, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ea3i \u0103n m\u0103ng r\u1eebng, rau c\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng qua ng\u00e0y. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 voi v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i qu\u00e2n. Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, l\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n. Ch\u1ec9 khi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ch\u00e9m m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n, vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e2n m\u1edbi t\u1ea1m \u1ed5n. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Minh, tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 xoay chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf.[<\/span>81]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1423, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch h\u00f2a ho\u00e3n, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u1eed s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111em l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt g\u1ed3m 5 \u0111\u00f4i ng\u00e0 voi c\u00f9ng th\u01b0 xin h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Minh.[<\/span>82]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5 \u0111ang manh nha \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda B\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, v\u00ec v\u1eady h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i.[<\/span>83]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u00f9ng v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 huy nh\u00e0 Minh nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed, S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1, mu\u1ed1i, th\u00f3c gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u1eb7ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n.[<\/span>84]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp binh s\u0129, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u0169 kh\u00ed, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong b\u00ed m\u1eadt. Sau khi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang qu\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n an \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed v\u00e0 S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd b\u1eaft giam ngay sau \u0111\u00f3. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng h\u00f2a.[<\/span>85]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>B\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn (1424\u20131426)<\/span><\/h2>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

<\/span>Thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch An Nam c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1424,\u00a0Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5\u00a0qua \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn “s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i 180 \u0111\u1ed9” trong ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch An Nam c\u1ee7a Minh tri\u1ec1u.[<\/span>86]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng bi\u1ebfn An Nam th\u00e0nh qu\u1eadn huy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn nh\u1eb1m r\u0103n \u0111e v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. M\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng hay n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p b\u1eb1ng v\u0169 l\u1ef1c.[<\/span>87]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Khi\u00a0Minh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng\u00a0l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ef1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n An Nam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i d\u1eady t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh, Minh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u00e2n x\u00e1, h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1ng n\u1ea1p, gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 thu\u1ebf m\u00e1 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Giao Ch\u1ec9. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n.[<\/span>87]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>
Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi vua cha,\u00a0Minh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng\u00a0(h\u00ecnh<\/i>) theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Giao Ch\u1ec9<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

\u201c\u00a0…Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 khai th\u00e1c v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c th\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 h\u1ebft. C\u00e1c quan vi\u00ean trong ngo\u00e0i sai \u0111i tr\u00f4ng coi, h\u1ea1n trong 10 ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 kinh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfm c\u1edb \u1edf ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. \u00d4i! vua t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1, th\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2n c\u1ed1t \u1edf khoan h\u1ed3ng, th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t c\u00f3 ph\u00e9p th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i minh t\u00edn. Nh\u1eefng mong c\u00e1c hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i gi\u00fap vi\u1ec7c v\u0103n v\u00f5, c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c gi\u1ecfi giang trong ngo\u00e0i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng trung trinh, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn. Cho n\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ec3 ban \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 t\u1edbi kh\u1eafp d\u00e2n \u0111en, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u00fac tr\u1ecb b\u00ecnh cho m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i trong c\u00f5i…\u00a0\u201d<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf “tr\u1ecdng v\u0103n”, Minh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng ngay sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi vua cha. Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1424, \u00f4ng cho tri\u1ec7u C\u00f4ng b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac\u00a0v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc Kinh v\u00e0 c\u1eed Binh b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec7p\u00a0thay th\u1ebf n\u1eafm vi\u1ec7c hai ty B\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 \u00c1n s\u00e1t \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9.[<\/span>88]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean quan gi\u00e0u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nhi\u1ec7m \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.[<\/span>89]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Do nh\u00e0 Minh l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn dai d\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi B\u1eafc Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n do chi\u1ebfn tranh g\u00e2y ra, Minh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh Giao Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u1ec1m d\u1ebbo.[<\/span>90]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u n\u00eau r\u00f5 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng “tr\u00e1o tr\u1edf” c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, Minh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i “kh\u00e9o v\u1ed7 v\u1ec1 chi\u00eau d\u1ee5”.[<\/span>91]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>Qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n Nam ti\u1ebfn<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
B\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft:\u00a0Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng Ngh\u1ec7 An<\/span><\/div>

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 Ch\u00ed Linh \u2013 Lam S\u01a1n n\u1eb1m \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ecbch, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Minh t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng Quan v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4 \u0111\u00e1nh k\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m “tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu, b\u1ecf ch\u1ed7 v\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ed7 n\u00fang, tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ed7 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1ed7 h\u01b0”.[<\/span>92]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1424, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00edch\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn.[<\/span>93]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Theo ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00edch, khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00eda Nam ph\u1ee7 Thanh H\u00f3a, t\u1eeb Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i qu\u00e2n Minh b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ecfng, do nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m xa c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Quan v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4.[<\/span>94]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng theo Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00edch \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i Ngh\u1ec7 An \u2013 th\u00ec v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e1nh ra nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c.[<\/span>95]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1424, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eadp k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed3n \u0110a C\u0103ng.[<\/span>vi]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, binh l\u00ednh tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed3n kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp tr\u1edf tay v\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.[<\/span>96]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin c\u1ea5p b\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 Minh \u1edf g\u1ea7n nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u1edbi c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3n \u0110a C\u0103ng. Th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap s\u0129 kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n l\u00ean cao m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong v\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec7t li\u1ec7t h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gia nh\u1eadp ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng.[<\/span>97]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 Minh \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a l\u00e0\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed,\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh,\u00a0Th\u00e1i Ph\u00fac\u00a0l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An,\u00a0Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n,\u00a0Qu\u1ef3 Ch\u00e2u\u00a0c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u1eb7n t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n m\u1ed9t. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1eb1ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ea7m ch\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh. Ngay ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trang Tr\u1ecbnh S\u01a1n[<\/span>vii]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0thu\u1ed9c\u00a0ch\u00e2u Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1ebb g\u00e3y th\u1ebf g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh. L\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh \u0111u\u1ed5i theo ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, h\u1ecd b\u00e8n r\u00fat qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i Ngh\u1ec7 An theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ef3 Ch\u00e2u qua Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u.[<\/span>97]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>V\u00e2y h\u00e3m th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n<\/span><\/h4>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

Kho\u1ea3ng th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1424, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u00e1p s\u00e1t\u00a0th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n.[<\/span>e]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0N\u1eb1m trong v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0\u00a0C\u1ea7m B\u00e0nh. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u00eau h\u00e0ng C\u1ea7m B\u00e0nh, song b\u1ecb c\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 ch\u1edd vi\u1ec7n binh, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c xung quanh thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e2u Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch thu ph\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m.[<\/span>99]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Trong l\u00fac c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 Minh \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An \u0111ang ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n, th\u00ec\u00a0S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0B\u1eafc Kinh\u00a0quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Giao Ch\u1ec9. Trong th\u1eddi gian v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1u, S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi Minh Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vua Minh ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, l\u1ec7nh cho S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd mang s\u1eafc phong L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00e0m tri ph\u1ee7 Thanh H\u00f3a. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Giao Ch\u1ec9, S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ngo\u1ea1i giao thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a qu\u00e2n t\u1edbi c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n.[<\/span>100]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0K\u1ebf s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9.[<\/span>101]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb v\u00e2y h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e2y cho C\u1ea7m B\u00e0nh, S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1eedi th\u01b0 chi\u00eau h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng trao tr\u1ea3 t\u00f9 binh.[<\/span>102]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0L\u00ea L\u1ee3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebf t\u1ef1u k\u1ebf, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nh\u1eadn s\u1eafc phong, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd l\u1ec7nh C\u1ea7m B\u00e0nh ng\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i. S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, b\u00e8n l\u1ec7nh cho quan qu\u00e2n trong th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n ng\u1eebng chi\u1ebfn.[<\/span>103]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda C\u1ea7m B\u00e0nh, trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o sau khi b\u1ecb bao v\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng tr\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi vi\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng m\u1edf c\u1eeda ra h\u00e0ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n.[<\/span>96]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau khi ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u00eau an v\u00e0 tha t\u1ed9i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n gi\u00fap thanh th\u1ebf ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh ch\u1ed1ng Minh nh\u01b0 Phan Li\u00eau, L\u1ed9 V\u0103n Lu\u1eadt v\u1ed1n t\u1ecb n\u1ea1n \u1edf Lan Xang c\u0169ng l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc xin gia nh\u1eadp ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0o \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t.[<\/span>104]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>105]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Sau khi th\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n, thu ph\u1ee5c C\u1ea7m B\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u00e0 Minh \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An bi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u00eau h\u00e0ng L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, song v\u1eabn ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.[<\/span>106]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u1ea5y c\u1edb m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u01b0 th\u00f9 v\u1edbi\u00a0L\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eef H\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a, n\u00ean xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i b\u1ed5 l\u00e0m tri ph\u1ee7 Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n.[<\/span>107]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ngo\u1ea1i giao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, song v\u1eabn l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ee3 l\u00e0m tr\u00e1i l\u1ec7nh vua, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng binh th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n th\u1eafng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Binh b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec7p \u2013 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eadt t\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc Kinh vi\u1ec7c “L\u1ee3i tuy xin h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m ph\u1ea3n […] xin h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t g\u1ea5p”. Sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh li\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n. S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh, li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t vi\u1ec7c qua l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1edf m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng l\u00ean Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n.[<\/span>108]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>Xu\u00f4i d\u00f2ng Lam<\/span><\/h4>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n v\u00e0o Ngh\u1ec7 An<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

T\u1eeb th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An l\u00ean Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc theo\u00a0s\u00f4ng Lam, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111i qua \u0110\u1ed7 Gia.[<\/span>viii]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh g\u1ecdng k\u00ecm n\u1ebfu qu\u00e2n Minh chia qu\u00e2n \u0111i theo c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u1eed \u0110inh Li\u1ec7t \u0111em h\u01a1n 1.000 qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf \u0110\u1ed7 Gia, t\u1ee9c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00fai Linh C\u1ea3m \u1edf ng\u00e3 ba\u00a0s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n Ph\u1ed1\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0s\u00f4ng Ng\u00e0n S\u00e2u, qua \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb Thanh H\u00f3a v\u00e0o Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a.[<\/span>109]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00fap qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e2n Minh \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00fai t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An l\u00ean Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba vi\u1ec7n binh \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a. Sau khi \u0110inh Li\u1ec5n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n t\u1eeb Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i \u1ea3i Kh\u1ea3 L\u01b0u[<\/span>ix]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>110]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u1edf t\u1ea3 ng\u1ea1n s\u00f4ng Lam.[<\/span>111]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Do \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0110inh Li\u1ec7t chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh huy \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3 th\u1ee7y l\u1eabn b\u1ed9 \u0111i d\u1ecdc theo s\u00f4ng Lam ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean Kh\u1ea3 L\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 tr\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1edd Nam s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n. S\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, qu\u00e2n Minh d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau s\u1ebd t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd \u00e1n binh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n nh\u1ecf v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c.[<\/span>112]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, qu\u00e2n Minh ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n gi\u1ea3 thua, d\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n Minh v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch. Qu\u00e2n Minh thua l\u1edbn, ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1eafp l\u0169y \u1edf m\u1ea1n Nam s\u00f4ng Lam, c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An. Do ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u00edt l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch d\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n Minh r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed mai ph\u1ee5c \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u1ea2i.[<\/span>x]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>110]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Cho r\u1eb1ng ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n r\u00fat lui v\u00ec h\u1ebft l\u01b0\u01a1ng, qu\u00e2n Minh \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n t\u1ea1i doanh tr\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n c\u0169 \u1edf Kh\u1ea3 L\u01b0u, l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi khi\u00eau chi\u1ebfn, d\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n Minh \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. Qu\u00e2n Minh tr\u00fang k\u1ebf, b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00eda x\u00f4ng ra \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i, nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1eaft. Ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7.[<\/span>113]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>V\u00e2y h\u00e3m th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An<\/span><\/h4>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

Sau khi r\u00fat qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng Kh\u1ea3 L\u01b0u, B\u1ed3 \u1ea2i v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u00eanh chi\u1ebfn. V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Tr\u00e0 L\u00e2n, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t cho v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1i qu\u00e2n \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 l\u1ebb t\u1ebb n\u1eb1m r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n ph\u1ee7 Ngh\u1ec7 An. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u1eadu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng vi\u1ec7n binh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn.[<\/span>114]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tr\u00ean n\u00fai Thi\u00ean Nh\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh Ngh\u1ec7 An, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh l\u0169y, doanh tr\u1ea1i m\u1edbi l\u00e0m n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n.[<\/span>115]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0T\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t c\u1eed nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh b\u00ean trong th\u00e0nh.[<\/span>116]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u00f9ng l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng thu ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea3 20 ch\u00e2u huy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee7 Ngh\u1ec7 An, qua \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 T\u0129nh v\u00e0 ph\u00eda Nam Ngh\u1ec7 An ng\u00e0y nay. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc uy th\u1ebf ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t quy thu\u1eadn v\u00e0 gia nh\u1eadp ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n.[<\/span>117]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1425, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An, t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan l\u00e0\u00a0L\u00fd An\u00a0\u0111em \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0y 14 th\u00e1ng 2, khi vi\u1ec7n binh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed mang h\u1ebft qu\u00e2n trong th\u00e0nh ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng La ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0110\u1ed7 Gia v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e1nh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n doanh c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n tr\u00ean n\u00fai Thi\u00ean Nh\u1eabn.[<\/span>118]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng Khu\u1ea5t, qu\u00e2n Minh b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i r\u00fat ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 An. Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh, L\u00fd An \u1edf l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n m\u00ecnh r\u00fat theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng m\u1edbi. L\u1ec7 L\u1ee3i l\u1ec7nh Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 khi\u00eau kh\u00edch, song Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft gi\u1eef v\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh ngh\u00eanh chi\u1ebfn.[<\/span>119]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>Lam S\u01a1n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ph\u00eda Nam<\/span><\/h4>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

Sau khi l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ph\u00eda Nam Ngh\u1ec7 An, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh Lam S\u01a1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00f9ng Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Thanh H\u00f3a.[<\/span>120]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Do ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn binh l\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh k\u00e9o v\u00e0o Ngh\u1ec7 An t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 Minh \u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1425,\u00a0\u0110inh L\u1ec5\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111i chi\u00eau d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u00e0 Thanh H\u00f3a. Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, \u00f4ng cho d\u1ef1ng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0110\u00ecnh n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u kho\u1ea3ng 10\u00a0km \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c bao v\u00e2y.[<\/span>121]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 Th\u00f4i T\u1ee5 bi\u1ebft tin, b\u00e8n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 trong th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap th\u00e0nh Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m c\u1ef1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a thuy\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfp t\u1ebf. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n trong th\u00e0nh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110inh L\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5c k\u00edch, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Qu\u00e2n Minh tan v\u1ee1, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ea1y ra T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i r\u00fat v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7.[<\/span>122]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i, \u0110inh L\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn binh l\u00ednh \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u, c\u00f2n \u00f4ng mang theo \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n truy \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n Minh ra th\u00e0nh T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4.[<\/span>123]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tin chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1edf Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u1eed L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n, L\u00ea S\u00e1t, L\u01b0u Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00fa v\u00e0 B\u00f9i B\u1ecb d\u1eabn 2.000 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 2 th\u1edbt voi ra Thanh H\u00f3a h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0110inh L\u1ec5. B\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, qu\u00e2n Minh \u1edf T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bao v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ecf \u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra \u0111i thu ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u huy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd t\u1eeb d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ee7 Thanh H\u00f3a.[<\/span>124]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Qu\u00e2n Minh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u00e0nh T\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4, b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng Quan hay c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec kh\u00e1c.[<\/span>125]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1425, ch\u1ec9 1 n\u0103m sau khi Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 qua \u0111\u1eddi, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ba ph\u1ee7 Thanh H\u00f3a, Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 Ngh\u1ec7 An. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, qu\u00e2n Minh \u1edf T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh v\u00e0 Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ecfng, nay l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec kh\u00e1c.[<\/span>126]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1425, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n chia l\u00e0m hai c\u00e1nh: C\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t do\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n\u00a0c\u00f9ng 1.000 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 1 th\u1edbt voi, \u0111i theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea1o ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Nam; C\u00e1nh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i do\u00a0L\u00ea Ng\u00e2n\u00a0ch\u1ec9 huy, g\u1ed3m 70 thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o. Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0s\u00f4ng Gianh\u00a0th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi qu\u00e2n Minh do Nh\u00e2m N\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 huy. Ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1nh du k\u00edch, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Minh n\u00e0y.[<\/span>127]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

C\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u00e2n t\u1ea3n \u0111i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2u huy\u1ec7n xung quanh. Ch\u1ec9 sau \u00edt ng\u00e0y, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai \u1edf T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n.[<\/span>128]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc thanh th\u1ebf vang d\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f2ng qu\u00e2n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Sau khi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0169 trang \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00fat qu\u00e2n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ngh\u1ec7 An, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch m\u1edbi s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.[<\/span>129]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>Qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfn ra B\u1eafc (1426)<\/span><\/h2>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
C\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng 10 th\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o Nam, c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1eeb Thanh H\u00f3a v\u00e0o t\u1edbi Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n Minh c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7, n\u1eb1m ch\u01a1 v\u01a1 nh\u01b0 “nh\u1eefng h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3”.[<\/span>130]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, khi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e0 Minh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 uy hi\u1ebfp phong tr\u00e0o Lam S\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.[<\/span>131]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u phong tr\u00e0o kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Giao Ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t. Ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t,\u00a0phong tr\u00e0o Qu\u00e2n \u00c1o \u0110\u1ecf\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n n\u00fai c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n lan c\u1ea3 sang V\u00e2n Nam.[<\/span>112]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed c\u00f9ng th\u1ed5 quan\u00a0\u0110\u00e8o C\u00e1t H\u00e3n\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n \u00c1o \u0111\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.[<\/span>132]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i giam ch\u00e2n trong th\u00e0nh ch\u1edd vi\u1ec7n binh. Qu\u00e2n Minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec5u tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i v\u00e2y c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ph\u00eda Nam.[<\/span>133]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y th\u1eddi c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ra mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.[<\/span>134]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u00e1 quan \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Giao Ch\u1ec9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong tri\u1ec1u n\u1ea3y sinh hai lu\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c: phe Ki\u1ec3n Ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 H\u1ea1 Nguy\u00ean C\u00e1t ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9ng binh, trong khi phe D\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u0129 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Vinh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf.[<\/span>135]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng \u2013 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi b\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1edfi phe ch\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i Giao Ch\u1ec9.[<\/span>46]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1426, \u00f4ng c\u1eed hai \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7n binh sang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o do V\u01b0\u01a1ng An L\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 huy ti\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00e2n Nam, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o do\u00a0V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng\u00a0ch\u1ec9 huy ti\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi 6 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.[<\/span>130]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tin vi\u1ec7n binh \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafp sang, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc.[<\/span>136]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t B\u1eafc<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

Cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 8, \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1426, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i chia qu\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m 3 c\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfn ra B\u1eafc.[<\/span>137]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t do\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n X\u1ea3o,\u00a0L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n,\u00a0Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ed7 B\u00ed\u00a0ch\u1ec9 huy g\u1ed3m 3.000 qu\u00e2n, 1 th\u1edbt voi chi\u1ebfn men theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Thi\u00ean Quan \u0111\u1ebfn Tuy\u00ean Quang.[<\/span>xi]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u00e1nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 uy hi\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan t\u1eeb ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7n binh \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam.[<\/span>138]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>139]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 hai g\u1ed3m 4.000 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 2 th\u1edbt voi chi\u1ebfn do\u00a0L\u01b0u Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00fa\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0B\u00f9i B\u1ecb\u00a0ch\u1ec9 huy ra Thi\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Ki\u1ebfn X\u01b0\u01a1ng chi\u1ebfm c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n qu\u00e2n Minh r\u00fat t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u1ec1 theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y r\u1ed3i sau ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean Kho\u00e1i Ch\u00e2u, B\u1eafc Giang, L\u1ea1ng Giang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7n binh t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y t\u1edbi. C\u00e1nh th\u1ee9 ba g\u1ed3m 2.000 qu\u00e2n do\u00a0\u0110inh L\u1ec5,\u00a0Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed\u00a0ti\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u1ec3 “ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng thanh th\u1ebf”.[<\/span>140]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u1edd d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n d\u00f9 c\u00f3 qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1ecf v\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng, trung v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng du ph\u00eda B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam.[<\/span>130]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 10, c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n X\u1ea3o v\u00e0 L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n \u00e1p s\u00e1t th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan t\u1eeb ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam. Cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n m\u1edbi t\u1eeb xa t\u1edbi, qu\u00e2n Minh xu\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng \u1edf Ninh Ki\u1ec1u,[<\/span>xii]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0song b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y lui, ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u1edbi h\u01a1n 2.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n n\u00e0y chia l\u00e0m hai, Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n X\u1ea3o v\u00e0 Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng l\u00ean Tam \u0110\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7n binh c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam, trong khi L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n, \u0110\u1ed7 B\u00ed c\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 binh l\u00ednh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3ng \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y.[<\/span>141]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n L\u01b0u Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00fa v\u00e0 B\u00f9i B\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i, song nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i khi hai t\u01b0\u1edbng Minh l\u00e0 L\u00fd An, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u1ec3n r\u00fat v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.[<\/span>142]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 10, c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n do Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n X\u1ea3o, Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i 10.000 vi\u1ec7n binh qu\u00e2n Minh d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbng V\u01b0\u01a1ng An L\u00e3o t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam. Qu\u00e2n Minh t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t h\u01a1n ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh Tam Giang c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7.[<\/span>142]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y, L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t xu\u1ea5t k\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh t\u1ea1i Nh\u00e2n M\u1ee5c.[<\/span>143]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n binh quy\u1ec1n<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
K\u1ef5 binh nh\u00e0 Minh, tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1ecda ph\u1ea9m\u00a0Xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed3<\/i>\u00a0(\u51fa\u8b66\u5716) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi\u00a0Minh Th\u1ea7n T\u00f4ng\u00a0(tr\u1ecb<\/abbr>.\u00a01572\u20131620)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1426, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan, ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 huy to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ea1i Minh \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9.[<\/span>144]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea1i tr\u1eadn nh\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u00ed, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh b\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7n binh do V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng mang sang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb Ngh\u1ec7 An r\u00fat v\u1ec1, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i nh\u00e0 Minh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng Quan \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng.[<\/span>145]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng 11, sau khi d\u00e0nh v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 phi\u00ean ch\u1ebf l\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edf m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m xoay chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf.[<\/span>146]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u00d4ng chia qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m 3 \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1ch nhau kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 10 \u0111\u1ebfn 15\u00a0km theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chim bay. \u0110\u00edch th\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan theo c\u1ea7u T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng (C\u1ea7u Gi\u1ea5y) ti\u1ebfn binh ra C\u1ed5 S\u1edf;[<\/span>xiii]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh theo c\u1ea7u Y\u00ean Quy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn ra Sa \u0110\u00f4i;[<\/span>xiv]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u00e3 K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd theo c\u1ea7u Nh\u00e2n M\u1ee5c[<\/span>xv]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0ti\u1ebfn ra Thanh Oai.[<\/span>147]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n,\u00a0L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ed7 B\u00ed\u00a0b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam, g\u1ea7n c\u00e1nh M\u00e3 K\u1ef3 nh\u1ea5t.[<\/span>148]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau khi mai ph\u1ee5c s\u1eb5n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng C\u1ed5 L\u00e3m, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n tung m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf ra khi\u00eau chi\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd r\u00fat lui \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.[<\/span>149]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0H\u0103m h\u1edf truy \u0111u\u1ed5i, qu\u00e2n Minh ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ru\u1ed9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Tam La.[<\/span>xvi]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u00e2n l\u00fac qu\u00e2n Minh b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n mai ph\u1ee5c l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c x\u00f4ng ra \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ecdc s\u01b0\u1eddn.[<\/span>150]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0B\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t, qu\u00e2n Minh m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u1ea7u Nh\u00e2n M\u1ee5c.[<\/span>151]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i \u1edf Tam La khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ba m\u0169i ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, bu\u1ed9c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n khinh \u0111\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1426, c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n, \u0110\u1ed7 B\u00ed ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eadp k\u00edch doanh tr\u1ea1i ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh \u1edf b\u1ebfn C\u1ed5 S\u1edf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed s\u1eb5n qu\u00e2n mai ph\u1ee5c, \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n, \u0110\u1ed7 B\u00ed bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 gi\u1eef n\u01a1i hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu.[<\/span>152]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ed9ng \u2013 Ch\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
B\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft:\u00a0Tr\u1eadn T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ed9ng \u2013 Ch\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/div>

Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i,\u00a0V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng\u00a0d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o t\u1ed5ng h\u00e0nh dinh qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u1edf Ninh Ki\u1ec1u.[<\/span>153]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi \u0111i. Kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh tung c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, qu\u00e2n Minh \u0111ang trong th\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o th\u1ebf b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean,\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec7p\u00a0c\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb cho trinh s\u00e1t \u0111i d\u00f2 x\u00e9t tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 tin v\u00ec n\u1eafm trong tay binh l\u1ef1c \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1eabn h\u1ea1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m truy \u0111u\u1ed5i qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n.[<\/span>154]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u00d4ng chia l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0m hai \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh binh v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 binh. \u0110\u00edch th\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 huy ch\u00ednh binh s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t\u00a0s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y\u00a0t\u1ea1i Ninh Ki\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi Cao B\u1ed9.[<\/span>xvii]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o k\u1ef3 binh bao g\u1ed3m k\u1ef5 binh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1o binh c\u0169ng b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y, \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng qua T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ed9ng, Y\u00ean Duy\u1ec7t v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ph\u00eda sau n\u1ed5 ph\u00e1o nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh binh sau khi nghe ph\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o k\u1ef3 binh t\u1eeb hai m\u1eb7t gi\u00e1p c\u00f4ng.[<\/span>155]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1426, qu\u00e2n Minh chia ra ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh doanh tr\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n t\u1eeb hai h\u01b0\u1edbng. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin t\u00ecnh b\u00e1o, ph\u00eda Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean. Khi \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh binh do V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ed9ng, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eafn ph\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eed \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o b\u1eaby. Nghe ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o n\u1ed5, qu\u00e2n Minh l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o k\u1ef3 binh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0129nh g\u00ec \u2013 v\u00ec binh s\u0129 Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh nghe ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m im \u2013 V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng xung quanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng.[<\/span>156]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ti\u1ec1n qu\u00e2n qu\u00e2n Minh l\u1ecdt gi\u1eefa tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba mai ph\u1ee5c \u1edf T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ed9ng, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t x\u00f4ng ra t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng. B\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba h\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u00e0 Minh sa l\u1ea7y, m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. T\u1ea1i Ch\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng, h\u1eadu qu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1eeba m\u1edbi v\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u00f4ng \u0110\u00e1y th\u00ec b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c binh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.[<\/span>157]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1o k\u1ef3 binh qu\u00e2n Minh \u2013 v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eaft \u0111\u1ebfn Cao B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed5 ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u2013 v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng r\u00fat lui v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan trong h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t.[<\/span>158]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

\"V\u0169<\/span>
Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n, qu\u00e2n Minh s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed, qu\u00e2n trang hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo th\u1eddi gian, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh qu\u00e2n Minh, d\u1ea7n thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u ngang s\u1ee9c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.[<\/span>159]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda\u00a0H\u1ecfa long xu\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y<\/i>, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00ean l\u1eeda s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong s\u00e1ch\u00a0H\u1ecfa long kinh<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0L\u01b0u B\u00e1 \u00d4n.[<\/span>160]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n Minh r\u00fat lui qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t. Tr\u1ea7n Hi\u1ec7p t\u1eed tr\u1eadn, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eb7ng, c\u00f9ng M\u00e3 K\u1ef3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1u qua Ninh Ki\u1ec1u ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.[<\/span>161]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n theo Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean b\u1ebfn C\u1ed5 S\u1edf v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.[<\/span>154]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u1ef1a, qu\u00e2n t\u01b0, kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 xe c\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, do t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00ed t\u00e0i qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn,\u00a0V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng\u00a0bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1\u00a0chu\u00f4ng Quy \u0110i\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u1ea1c Ph\u1ed5 Minh\u00a0\u2013 hai trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n\u00a0An Nam t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed.[<\/span>162]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u00e0ng binh v\u00e0 t\u00f9 binh gi\u00fap qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ti\u1ebfp thu th\u00eam c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh.[<\/span>163]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>162]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Theo th\u1eddi gian, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean d\u1ea7n thu h\u1eb9p.[<\/span>164]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u0169 kh\u00ed thu th\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n.[<\/span>165]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>166]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh trong tr\u1eadn T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ed9ng \u2013 Ch\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng, t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n.[<\/span>167]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>Bao v\u00e2y \u0110\u00f4ng Quan<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
B\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft:\u00a0Tr\u1eadn th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan<\/span><\/div>

Sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i \u1edf T\u1ed1t \u0110\u1ed9ng \u2013 Ch\u00fac \u0110\u1ed9ng, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf Thanh H\u00f3a li\u1ec1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n ra B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ec9 huy chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e1nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.[<\/span>168]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u00eam ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1426, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n c\u1ee7a\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0B\u00f9i B\u1ecb\u00a0\u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 binh c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110inh L\u1ec5\u00a0t\u1eeb ph\u00eda T\u00e2y ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, ph\u00f3ng h\u1ecfa c\u00e1c doanh tr\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n Minh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.[<\/span>169]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1eef c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ngo\u1ea1i vi b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1o ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong th\u00e0nh. Qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u thuy\u1ec1n b\u00e8 c\u00f9ng v\u0169 kh\u00ed do qu\u00e2n Minh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i.[<\/span>170]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau khi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c doanh tr\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch th\u00fac th\u1ee7 trong th\u00e0nh, tr\u00f4ng ch\u1edd vi\u1ec7n binh sang c\u1ee9u.[<\/span>171]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb v\u00e2y h\u00e3m nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, qu\u00e2n Minh trong th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng “t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7n S\u1edf ca”. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e2n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c \u2013 v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan \u2013 v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh.[<\/span>172]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, tuy \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong, song l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan v\u1ed1n r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean c\u1ed1. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t cho qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e2y h\u00e3m, m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t cho Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 chi\u00eau h\u00e0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng.[<\/span>173]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Trong t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i\u00a0B\u00ecnh An Nam chi\u1ebfu<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Minh Th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 n\u0103m 1407 khi \u0111\u00e1nh nh\u00e0 H\u1ed3, ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng s\u1ebd r\u00fat qu\u00e2n n\u1ebfu L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u1eadp con ch\u00e1u nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vua.[<\/span>174]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00eau s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u1eadp\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o\u00a0\u2013 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u1ec7 T\u00f4ng\u00a0\u2013 l\u00e0m vua.[<\/span>175]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau khi L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00e0m theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ecb h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u.[<\/span>176]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00eda Lam S\u01a1n ra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u00e1c n\u01a1i giao tr\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh, r\u00fat v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan. Theo m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Thanh H\u00f3a, qu\u00e2n Minh \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u1edf Ngh\u1ec7 An, Di\u1ec5n Ch\u00e2u, T\u00e2n B\u00ecnh, Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1edf c\u1eeda ra h\u00e0ng qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n.[<\/span>177]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u1ea7u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i t\u1eeb ph\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 chi\u1ebfn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh, M\u00e3 K\u1ef3 \u2013 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u2013 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Phong\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0L\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u1eef H\u1ed1t.[<\/span>178]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Trong l\u00fac V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng \u0111ang l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 th\u00ec Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa c\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o binh l\u1edbn sang Giao Ch\u1ec9 do Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 huy.[<\/span>179]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb h\u00f2a.[<\/span>180]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u00d4ng cho gia c\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan, ph\u00e1\u00a0chu\u00f4ng Quy \u0110i\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u1ea1c Ph\u1ed5 Minh\u00a0\u2013 hai trong s\u1ed1 b\u1ed1n\u00a0An Nam t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00ed\u00a0\u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed nh\u1eb1m chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn s\u1eafp t\u1edbi.[<\/span>162]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>“V\u00e2y th\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7n” (1427)<\/span><\/h2>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

<\/span>N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n c\u1ee7a Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
Tuy kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 v\u1edbi Giao Ch\u1ec9,\u00a0Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng\u00a0(h\u00ecnh<\/i>) v\u1eabn quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p phong tr\u00e0o Lam S\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi lui binh<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1427, trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9, Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu l\u1ec7nh Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng v\u00e0 M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh d\u1eabn 70.000 qu\u00e2n sang gi\u1ea3i nguy cho V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng. Th\u00e1ng 4 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m, vua Minh l\u1ea1i c\u1eed th\u00eam 45.200 qu\u00e2n sang Giao Ch\u1ec9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a\u00a0Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng,\u00a0M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh\u00a0c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 115.200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[<\/span>181]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Qu\u00e2n Minh chia th\u00e0nh hai c\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o Giao Ch\u1ec9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n ch\u00ednh do Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 huy ti\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y, M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh th\u1ed1ng l\u0129nh c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng V\u00e2n Nam. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 huy \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9ng binh l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1eebng cai tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp An Nam, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm l\u1eadp con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vua, \u0111\u1ec3 An Nam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa l\u00e0m ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ea1i Minh.[<\/span>182]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>C\u00f4 l\u1eadp V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>

Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin qu\u00e2n c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafp sang, nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh h\u1ed1i th\u00fac L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan g\u1ea5p. Cho r\u1eb1ng “\u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 s\u00e1ch”, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1p c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c “v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t vi\u1ec7n”.[<\/span>181]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Lam S\u01a1n qu\u00e1 m\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e2y th\u00e0nh, v\u1eeba t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadp trung l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t t\u1eebng c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb. Nh\u1eb1m ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n m\u1ecdi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee9u vi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean d\u1ecdc tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1edbi \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.\u00a0B\u00f9i Qu\u1ed1c H\u01b0ng\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh \u0110i\u00eau Di\u00eau[<\/span>xviii]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Th\u1ecb C\u1ea7u,\u00a0L\u00ea S\u00e1t\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0L\u00ea Th\u1ee5\u00a0v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Kh\u00e2u \u00d4n,\u00a0Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ed7 Khuy\u1ec3n\u00a0v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Tam Giang.[<\/span>183]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh v\u00e2y ch\u1eb7t 4 c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.[<\/span>184]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u2013 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n Minh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u00eda Nam r\u00fat v\u1ec1, do lo ng\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ed5 sung s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho qu\u00e2n Minh \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.[<\/span>185]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Ng\u00e0y 9 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1427, L\u00ea S\u00e1t v\u00e0 L\u00ea Th\u1ee5 ph\u00e1 th\u00e0nh Kh\u00e2u \u00d4n.[<\/span>xix]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tin t\u1ee9c t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f2n t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi\u1ebfn s\u0129 kh\u00ed qu\u00e2n Minh tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng Quan suy gi\u1ea3m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.[<\/span>186]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i vi\u1ebft th\u01b0 d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh \u0110i\u00eau Di\u00eau l\u00e0\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u00e2n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n V\u00e2n\u00a0v\u1ed1n \u0111ang b\u1ecb B\u00f9i Qu\u1ed1c H\u01b0ng v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh.[<\/span>187]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi l\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em qu\u00e2n ra h\u00e0ng.[<\/span>188]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i theo l\u1ec7nh L\u00ea L\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n g\u1eedi th\u01b0 chi\u00eau h\u00e0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tr\u1ea3 t\u00f9 binh.[<\/span>189]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tuy ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd s\u1ebd r\u00fat qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u00f4ng Quan, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd vi\u1ec7n binh sang.[<\/span>190]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 3 n\u0103m 1427, nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ef1c d\u1eady tinh th\u1ea7n ba qu\u00e2n, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh xu\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ea5t \u00fd \u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh \u00fap doanh tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a\u00a0L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n\u00a0\u1edf Qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed9ng. B\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp tr\u1edf tay, \u0110\u1ed7 B\u00ed b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, L\u00fd Tri\u1ec7n t\u1eed tr\u1eadn.[<\/span>191]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u00e2n Minh. Ngay sau s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan, quan qu\u00e2n gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh Th\u1ecb C\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian b\u1ecb Nguy\u1ec5n Ch\u00edch v\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh r\u1ea5t ng\u1eb7t.[<\/span>192]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Nh\u1eb1m c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 3, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng m\u1edf m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp k\u00edch kh\u00e1c \u1edf b\u00e3i Sa \u0110\u00f4i nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y lui. Ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 4, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng L\u01b0u Thanh, t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh Tam Giang \u2013 t\u00f2a th\u00e0nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u00ean tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb V\u00e2n Nam sang \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.[<\/span>188]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>193]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u th\u00eam, ng\u00e0y 4 th\u00e1ng 4, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 huy m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n tinh nhu\u1ec7 t\u1eadp k\u00edch doanh tr\u1ea1i do L\u00ea Nguy\u1ec5n tr\u1ea5n th\u1ee7 \u1edf T\u00e2y Ph\u00f9 Li\u1ec7t.[<\/span>xx]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110inh L\u1ec5, Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng mang 500 qu\u00e2n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7n. Qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1nh t\u1eeb hai m\u1eb7t, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea9y lui qu\u00e2n Minh.[<\/span>194]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 \u0110inh L\u1ec5 l\u1eabn Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Minh b\u1eaft s\u1ed1ng khi hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111u\u1ed5i theo truy k\u00edch. \u0110inh L\u1ec5 b\u1ecb x\u1eed t\u1eed c\u00f2n Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed may m\u1eafn v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u1ee5c tr\u1ed1n ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.[<\/span>195]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>\u0110\u00e1nh ch\u1eb7n vi\u1ec7n binh nh\u00e0 Minh<\/span><\/h3>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
B\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft:\u00a0Tr\u1eadn Chi L\u0103ng \u2013 X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang<\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
K\u1ef5 binh nh\u00e0 Minh xung k\u00edch, tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb b\u1ee9c\u00a0B\u00ecnh phi\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed3<\/i>\u00a0(\u5e73\u756a\u5f97\u80dc\u56fe) v\u1ebd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi V\u1ea1n L\u1ecbch, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u1edf v\u00f9ng T\u00e2y B\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7n binh nh\u00e0 Minh \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ef1u,\u00a0L\u00ea B\u00f4i\u00a0\u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf\u00a0\u1ea3i Pha L\u0169y\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y ti\u1ebfn sang;\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Ban\u00a0l\u00ean gi\u1eef\u00a0\u1ea3i L\u00ea Hoa\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n t\u1eeb ph\u00eda V\u00e2n Nam.[<\/span>196]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng Quan l\u00ean L\u00ea Hoa v\u00e0 Pha L\u0169y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tay qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n, duy t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang, qu\u00e2n Minh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a\u00a0L\u00fd Nhi\u1ec7m\u00a0v\u1eabn ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t.[<\/span>197]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 1427, do Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng, M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh sau nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t do ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n s\u1ed1, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 Minh v\u1ed9i g\u1ea5p g\u00e1p sai t\u1ed5ng binh Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0C\u1ed1 H\u01b0ng T\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111em qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng sang Giao Ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3i Pha L\u0169y th\u00ec b\u1ecb Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ef1u v\u00e0 L\u00ea B\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i.[<\/span>198]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin t\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 C\u1ed1 H\u01b0ng T\u1ed5, Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng v\u00e0 M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t. Quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 th\u00e0nh X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi vi\u1ec7n binh nh\u00e0 Minh t\u1edbi Giao Ch\u1ec9,\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n\u00a0v\u00e0 L\u00ea S\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. S\u1edf h\u1eefu l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o trong tay, b\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 huy Lam S\u01a1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n ph\u00eda, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5, h\u1ecfa ph\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o th\u00eam \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n gi\u1eef th\u00e0nh, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Nhi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau g\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m b\u1ecb v\u00e2y h\u00e3m, qu\u00e2n Minh ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c, l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1. Ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1427, th\u00e0nh X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang th\u1ea5t th\u1ee7 sau nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp. L\u00fd Nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t, h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn qu\u00e2n d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00e1t.[<\/span>199]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Sau khi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang, ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho tr\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1eafp t\u1edbi v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7n binh nh\u00e0 Minh. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed L\u00ea S\u00e1t, L\u01b0u Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00fa, L\u00ea V\u0103n Linh, \u0110inh Li\u1ec7t mai ph\u1ee5c \u1edf\u00a0\u1ea3i Chi L\u0103ng, l\u1ea1i sai L\u00ea V\u0103n An, Nguy\u1ec5n L\u00fd mang qu\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1nh qu\u00e2n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, s\u1ebd ng\u1ed3i ch\u1edd th\u1eafng b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng m\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eef \u1ea3i L\u00ea Hoa c\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh.[<\/span>200]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Khi qu\u00e2n ti\u00ean phong do \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 huy \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea3i Pha L\u0169y, Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ef1u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd thua ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u1ea3i L\u01b0u, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u1ea3i Chi L\u0103ng. Cho r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng c\u00f9ng h\u01a1n 100 k\u1ef5 binh t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n \u0111u\u1ed5i theo. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai M\u00e3 Y\u00ean, Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c binh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea S\u00e1t, Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ed5 ra gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft.[<\/span>201]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

\u0110\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n nh\u00e0 Minh do Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac, Th\u00f4i T\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng r\u00fat v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n h\u1ea1. L\u00ea L\u1ee3i sai Tr\u1ea7n Nguy\u00ean H\u00e3n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng, sai Ph\u1ea1m V\u1ea5n, Nguy\u1ec5n X\u00ed ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng cho L\u00ea S\u00e1t c\u00f9ng s\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1nh, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n Minh \u1edf X\u01b0\u01a1ng Giang.[<\/span>202]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Th\u00f4i T\u1ee5 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, Ho\u00e0ng Ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng \u1ea3i L\u00ea Hoa \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00e3nh Th\u1ee7y c\u00e2u, nghe tin Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng thua n\u00ean r\u00fat lui, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n X\u1ea3o, Tr\u1ecbnh Kh\u1ea3 \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i.[<\/span>203]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>H\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan<\/span><\/h2>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
B\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft:\u00a0H\u1ed9i th\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng Quan<\/span><\/div>

V\u1edbi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai \u0111\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7n binh c\u1ee7a Li\u1ec5u Th\u0103ng v\u00e0 M\u1ed9c Th\u1ea1nh, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ea5n \u00e1t qu\u00e2n Minh. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t chi\u1ebfn tranh. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tin, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i c\u1eed con tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0\u00a0L\u00ea T\u01b0 T\u1ec1\u00a0c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0L\u01b0u Nh\u00e2n Ch\u00fa\u00a0v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan; ph\u00eda V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u1eed\u00a0S\u01a1n Th\u1ecd,\u00a0M\u00e3 K\u1ef3\u00a0sang qu\u00e2n doanh Lam S\u01a1n \u1edf B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1[<\/span>xxi]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0l\u00e0m con tin.[<\/span>204]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1427, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u00a0h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1\u00a0t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng Quan.[<\/span>205]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>206]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Hai b\u00ean \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Minh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n s\u1ebd d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u phong cho\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o.[<\/span>207]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

…M\u00e3 K\u1ef3, Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh, c\u1ea5p cho n\u0103m tr\u0103m chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n, ra \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec3 ch\u01b0a th\u00f4i tr\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1c. V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng, M\u00e3 Anh, ph\u00e1t cho v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn c\u1ed7 ng\u1ef1a, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e0u c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3-h\u00f4i. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft c\u1ea7u h\u00f2a, ng\u1ecf l\u00f2ng th\u00fa-ph\u1ee5c; ta mu\u1ed1n to\u00e0n qu\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ec9-ng\u01a1i. Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0 m\u01b0u-k\u1ebf th\u1eadt kh\u00f4n, v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i su\u1ed1t x\u01b0a nay ch\u01b0a c\u00f3. Giang-san t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edf m\u1eb7t, x\u00e3-t\u1eafc t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eefng n\u1ec1n. Nh\u1eadt-nguy\u1ec7t h\u1ed1i m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i minh, c\u00e0n-kh\u00f4n b\u0129 m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u00e1i. N\u1ec1n v\u1ea1n th\u1ebf x\u00e2y n\u00ean ch\u0103n-ch\u1eafn, th\u1eb9n ngh\u00ecn thu r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0u-l\u00e0u…<\/span><\/div>

B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o<\/i>, Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Tr\u1ecdng Kim (1920)[<\/span>54]<\/span><\/sup><\/cite><\/span><\/p><\/div>

C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u00ean ch\u1ea5p h\u00e0nh nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh. Ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1427, \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 Lam S\u01a1n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang B\u1eafc Kinh, tr\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh, quan l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u00e2ng bi\u1ec3u c\u1ea7u phong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 danh s\u00e1ch k\u00ea khai quan qu\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111ang b\u1ecb gi\u1eef \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i.[<\/span>208]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>207]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n, Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda phe ch\u1ee7 h\u00f2a do\u00a0D\u01b0\u01a1ng S\u0129 K\u1ef3\u00a0d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u2013 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn b\u00e3i binh.[<\/span>209]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vua b\u00f9 nh\u00ecn, vua Minh v\u1eabn xu\u1ed1ng chi\u1ebfu s\u1eafc phong C\u1ea3o l\u00e0m “An Nam Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng”.[<\/span>210]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>211]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ec7nh b\u00e3i binh ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ebfn tay V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 binh m\u00e3 nh\u00e0 Minh \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc.[<\/span>212]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>213]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Sau h\u1ed9i th\u1ec1, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh \u0111\u00e3 ra h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb b\u1eaft t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trao tr\u1ea3, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c tu s\u1eeda c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, thuy\u1ec1n, ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho qu\u00e2n Minh v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc.[<\/span>214]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Khi th\u1ea5y qu\u00e2n Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p r\u00fat v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc an to\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u0129 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 xin L\u00ea L\u1ee3i gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 m\u00e1u.[<\/span>215]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef h\u00f2a kh\u00ed hai n\u01b0\u1edbc, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb tr\u00ean.[<\/span>216]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u0129nh, quan l\u1ea1i, binh m\u00e3 nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1edbi B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e1i t\u1ea1 L\u00ea L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i r\u1ea5t tr\u1ecdng h\u1eadu.[<\/span>217]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1427, qu\u00e2n Minh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1428, V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.[<\/span>218]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 binh l\u00ednh v\u00e0 quan l\u1ea1i \u2013 kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00ea L\u1ee3i th\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh l\u00e0 84.640 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[<\/span>219]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0C\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea3 qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean t\u1edbi 300.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1eed gia\u00a0Ph\u1ea1m V\u0103n S\u01a1n\u00a0b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 “h\u01a1i qu\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt”, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 200.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.[<\/span>220]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/div>

<\/span>H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/h2>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i L\u00ea Th\u00e1i T\u1ed5 d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1896 c\u1ea1nh h\u1ed3 Ho\u00e0n Ki\u1ebfm, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, g\u1eafn v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 g\u01b0\u01a1m th\u1ea7n<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 Minh v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong khu v\u1ef1c, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh v\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o\u00a0\u2013 v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u2013 l\u00e0m qu\u00e2n c\u1edd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m “l\u00e0m tin” v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Minh.[<\/span>221]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e0 Minh phong l\u00e0 “An Nam qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng”, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n Lam S\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 trong ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Khi qu\u00e2n Minh r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o m\u1ea5t \u0111i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 1428.[<\/span>222]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Theo nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u s\u01a1 c\u1ea5p, C\u1ea3o t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng, l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng theo n\u00ean b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u\u00a0Ng\u1ecdc Ma\u00a0nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft mang v\u1ec1 \u00e9p u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ebft.[<\/span>223]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1eed gia \u0111\u1eb7t nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a C\u1ea3o l\u00e0 do L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ee9ng sau ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o.[<\/span>224]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>225]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1428, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00ean ng\u00f4i vua, \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Thu\u1eadn Thi\u00ean, kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\u00a0nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00ea.[<\/span>226]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Do b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee7y th\u00e1c cho Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i vi\u1ebft\u00a0B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.[<\/span>227]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, L\u00ea L\u1ee3i sai s\u1ee9 b\u00e1o v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Minh r\u1eb1ng Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3o b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng k\u1ebf v\u1ecb danh ch\u00ednh ng\u00f4n thu\u1eadn.[<\/span>228]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh Minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm con ch\u00e1u h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c.[<\/span>229]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecd Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t t\u1ef1, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1431, Minh Tuy\u00ean T\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn phong L\u00ea L\u1ee3i quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1m coi vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf An Nam, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Quy\u1ec1n th\u1ef1 An Nam qu\u1ed1c s\u1ef1”.[<\/span>f]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>230]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1435, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn L\u00ea L\u1ee3i l\u00e0m “An Nam Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng”.[<\/span>231]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

S\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong quan h\u1ec7 bang giao gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eb1m t\u00e1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee5c di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n, nh\u00e0 Minh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu L\u00ea v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng “h\u1eadu v\u00e3ng b\u1ea1c lai”[<\/span>g]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0mang t\u00ednh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 coi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ec5 nghi h\u01a1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.[<\/span>232]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t tuy tham gia v\u00e0o\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u00a0v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c.[<\/span>233]<\/span><\/sup>[<\/span>234]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh H\u1eadu L\u00ea th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Minh, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ngo\u1ea1i giao t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n.[<\/span>235]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1eed s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n, ch\u00fac m\u1eebng, th\u0103m h\u1ecfi. M\u1ed7i v\u1ecb vua nh\u00e0 L\u00ea khi m\u1edbi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u phong vua Minh nh\u1eb1m h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c ho\u00e1 s\u1ef1 l\u00ean n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, vua Minh s\u1ebd c\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang s\u00e1ch phong v\u00e0 ban \u00e1o, g\u1ea5m v\u00f3c cho vua L\u00ea.[<\/span>236]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c vua L\u00ea v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch “Ngo\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng N\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ebf” nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n: x\u01b0ng “v\u01b0\u01a1ng” khi ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c l\u00e2n c\u1eadn th\u00ec x\u01b0ng “\u0111\u1ebf”.[<\/span>237]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 L\u00ea s\u01a1. Ch\u1ec9 khi\u00a0M\u1ea1c \u0110\u0103ng Dung\u00a0ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t\u00a0L\u00ea Cung Ho\u00e0ng, l\u1eadp n\u00ean\u00a0nh\u00e0 M\u1ea1c, quan h\u1ec7 song ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, song chi\u1ebfn tranh gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra.[<\/span>238]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

<\/span>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/span><\/h2>[<\/span>s\u1eeda\u00a0|\u00a0<\/span>s\u1eeda m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n]<\/span><\/span><\/div>
<\/span>
Trang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n\u00a0B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o<\/i>\u00a0\u2013 b\u1ea3n “tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp” th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i trong\u00a0Ho\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n tuy\u1ec3n<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0B\u00f9i Huy B\u00edch, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m\u00a01825<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh Trung Hoa, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 di d\u00e2n t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1.[<\/span>239]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u00edt b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a H\u00e1n, phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1ng Minh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp th\u00e2n Minh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n xu\u00f4i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tinh hoa \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb H\u00e1n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc.[<\/span>240]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 L\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a L\u00ea L\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.[<\/span>241]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i, trong\u00a0B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o<\/i>, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 “v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn chi bang”,[<\/span>h]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi “n\u00fai s\u00f4ng b\u1edd c\u00f5i” ri\u00eang.[<\/span>243]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh danh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t,[<\/span>244]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “thi\u00ean h\u1ea1” \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, ch\u00ednh danh, ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng.[<\/span>245]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Theo Kathlene Baldanza, th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 Minh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quan m\u1edbi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t.[<\/span>246]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0T\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 “Nam Qu\u1ed1c,” n\u01a1i ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i song song c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc l\u1eabn ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam.[<\/span>247]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 Minh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t, xem Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a “thi\u00ean h\u1ea1” v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng “[m\u1ed9t] b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi”. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh quan h\u1ec7 Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 Trung mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 cho Vi\u1ec7t Nam. D\u00f9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quy t\u1eafc ngo\u1ea1i giao tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c ri\u00eang, coi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hoa H\u1ea1 c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.[<\/span>248]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>

Nh\u00e0 Minh, v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng duy tr\u00ec quy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 trong khu v\u1ef1c, c\u00f2n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u1ecb uy qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c\u00a0th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i\u00a0nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c T\u00e2y Ban Nha\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha\u00a0sau n\u00e0y.[<\/span>241]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam khi\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Minh ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u tham v\u1ecdng b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng, trong khi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1i \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam, gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u00a0m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam.[<\/span>249]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1, nh\u00e0 Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u0169 kh\u00ed ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 h\u1ecfa kh\u00ed.[<\/span>250]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15, \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh \u01b0u th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc Champa, k\u1ebft th\u00fac\u00a0cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u00e9o d\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7\u00a0gi\u1eefa hai n\u01b0\u1edbc.[<\/span>251]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp thu c\u00e1c quy chu\u1ea9n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh.[<\/span>252]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n h\u00f3a sau khi gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.[<\/span>253]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi cho tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i L\u00ea s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.[<\/span>254]<\/span><\/sup>\u00a0M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Minh t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u “kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c”, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y tri\u1ec1u Minh v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i\u00a0cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean\u00a0h\u01a1n 150 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Trung Hoa\u00a0l\u1eabn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ec1u c\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.[<\/span>241]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a Lam S\u01a1n\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1edfi ngh\u0129a trong\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam\u00a0do\u00a0L\u00ea L\u1ee3i\u00a0l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_siteseo_robots_primary_cat":"1","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1116"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1121,"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1116\/revisions\/1121"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/historyhub.id.vn\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}